What is Columns? Types of Columns? How to provide reinforcements of columns?

Column: Column is a vertical member of a structure, which is support the structure, load transfered by the hole through the beams. After that column transfers the load to the footing and footing further transfer it to the soil. Columns are classified into four categories on the basis of shape, slenderness, reinforcement, loading.

1. Based on the shape:

2. Based on the slenderness ratio:

3. Based on the reinforcement:

4. Based on the loading:

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What is conventional formwork system? What is procedure to use?

Formwork: Formwork is dye or mould used to shape wet concrete until it sets and attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight and retains its shape.There are various types shuttering material used for construction work. 1. Conventional formwork system 2. Mivan formwork system. 1. Conventional formwork system: Terminology used in conventional formwork system- 1. Formwork(shuttering) : Mould to contain the wet concrete in the desired shape. 2. False work(staging or centering ): Temporary structure use to support a permanent structure during erection and until it becomes self supporting. 3. Scaffolding(Paranja): Light structure 'Framework' for easy excess of workmen. 4. Striking(Stripping): scientific dismentling and removing formwork. 5. Sheeting(Sheathing): Supporting membrane in contact with the wet concrete. 6. Joist(Batten ): Horizontal member supporting sheeting (slab and beam). 7. Bearer(Runner ): Horizontal member supporting joista. 8. Pro...

How many number of bricks needed in 1 square meter?

Required of bricks in 1 square meter: Generally, the size of bricks at site we found that, 230mm length, 115mm width, and 65mm thick. If we assume 10mm thick mortar then the nominal length will be 240mm and thickness will be 75mm. Diamention change, mm to meter Length=240mm=0.24m Thickness=75mm=0.075m Now, we are calculating the area of 1 brick = 0.240×0.75 = 0.01824 square meter Now, we are find nos. of bricks in 1 square meter Nos. of bricks= 1 square meter/ area of 1 brick Nos. of bricks=1/0.01824=55.55~ 56 nos. If brick wall is 4 inch thick then, Nos. of bricks in 1 square meter = 56 nos. If brick wall is 9 inch thick then, Nos. of bricks in 1 square meter = 112 nos. Variation in nos. bricks occure in following conditions: The number of bricks in 1 square meter are varies o...

What is concrete cube? How to test compressive strength of concrete by cube test?

Cube Test: In this test chque a compressive strength of concrete. Take a cube mould which dimentions are 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm (l×b×h) symultenouly. Also used a tamping rod of 16mm dia.Before the filling of cube mould apply the oil in the internal surface prolerly by which mould open eayly and surface be come smooth.On the cube writedown the casting date, grid number, footings, columns, beams, or slab. After 12 hours remove from mould and sink in quring pond. Generly we are cast 6 cubes, 3 cubes test after 7 days and 3 cubes test at 28 days. If you can test at 14 days then need to be cast of 9 cubes. In each test take 3 cubes and consider avrage value of all 3rd.After 7 days concrete cubes dry prolerly in the persence of sun. Weight the cube one by one and writedown. The each weight of concrete cube not less than 8.1 kg. How we proove that the weight of concrete cube should not be less than 8.1 kg. Given dimentions of cube are length =150mm=0.15m, width=150mm=0.15m, depth=150mm=0.15m, s...

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