What is Columns? Types of Columns? How to provide reinforcements of columns?

Column: Column is a vertical member of a structure, which is support the structure, load transfered by the hole through the beams. After that column transfers the load to the footing and footing further transfer it to the soil. Columns are classified into four categories on the basis of shape, slenderness, reinforcement, loading.

1. Based on the shape:

2. Based on the slenderness ratio:

3. Based on the reinforcement:

4. Based on the loading:

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What is conventional formwork system? What is procedure to use?

Formwork: Formwork is dye or mould used to shape wet concrete until it sets and attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight and retains its shape.There are various types shuttering material used for construction work. 1. Conventional formwork system 2. Mivan formwork system. 1. Conventional formwork system: Terminology used in conventional formwork system- 1. Formwork(shuttering) : Mould to contain the wet concrete in the desired shape. 2. False work(staging or centering ): Temporary structure use to support a permanent structure during erection and until it becomes self supporting. 3. Scaffolding(Paranja): Light structure 'Framework' for easy excess of workmen. 4. Striking(Stripping): scientific dismentling and removing formwork. 5. Sheeting(Sheathing): Supporting membrane in contact with the wet concrete. 6. Joist(Batten ): Horizontal member supporting sheeting (slab and beam). 7. Bearer(Runner ): Horizontal member supporting joista. 8. Pro...

Compressive strength test of concrete by cube test

Cube Test: In this test chque a compressive strength of concrete. Take a cube mould which dimentions are 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm (l×b×h) symultenouly. Also used a tamping rod of 16mm dia.Before the filling of cube mould apply the oil in the internal surface prolerly by which mould open eayly and surface be come smooth. On the cube writedown the casting date, grid number, footings, columns, beams, or slab. After 12 hours remove from mould and sink in quring pond. Generly we are cast 6 cubes, 3 cubes test after 7 days and 3 cubes test at 28 days. If you can test at 14 days then need to be cast of 9 cubes. In each test take 3 cubes and consider avrage value of all 3rd.After 7 days concrete cubes dry prolerly in the persence of sun. Weight the cube one by one and writedown. The each weight of concrete cube not less than 8.1 kg. How we proove that the weight of concrete cube should not be less than 8.1 kg. Given dimentions of cube are length =150mm=0.15m, width=150mm=0.15m, de...

What is RCC? What is procedure of RCC? Types of steel bar?

RCC: RCC stands for reinforced cement concrete, that means which type of concrete in which steel is persent. RCC is a concrete with reinforcement embeded in it. The embedded reinforcement makes it capable of resisting tension also. Steel bars embedded in the tension zone of concrete relives concrete of any tension and takes all tension without separating from concrete. The bond between steel and shrounding concrete ensures strains compatibility i e, the strain at any point in the steel is equal to that in the adjoining concrete. Reiforcing steel impacts ductility to concrete which is otherwise brittle material.Here ductility means large deflection owing to yielding of steel thereby giving ample warning of impendings collaps. Tensile strength in concrete asise on account of deirect tension, flexural tension, diagonal tension due to temperature and shrinkage efects, restraint to deformation.Under those conditions reinforcement must be provided across potential tensile crack. Grade o...

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